The Great Wall of China, also known as the Great Wall or the Chinese Wall, is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect and consolidate territories of Chinese states and empires against various nomadic groups. The Great Wall stretches over 13,000 miles and was built over several dynasties between the 7th century BC and the 17th century AD.
The most well-known section of the Great Wall is the Ming Dynasty wall, which was built between the 14th and 17th centuries and includes many of the iconic watchtowers and sections that are commonly depicted in photographs. The Great Wall is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, attracting millions of tourists from around the world each year.
The construction of the Great Wall required immense effort and resources, with millions of laborers, soldiers, and prisoners involved in its construction over the centuries. Despite its reputation as one of the greatest architectural achievements in human history, the Great Wall did not completely prevent invasions and incursions from nomadic tribes, and its effectiveness as a defensive barrier has been debated by historians.
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